page 47 • The modeling assumptions for this analysis align with ADP 2024 except for where we’ve made revisions to explore light-duty BEV VGI in the context of California. To focus our analysis, the following study assumptions differ from ADP 2024. • The model incorporates numerous updates related to representing VGI, as described earlier in the report • Both V1G and V2G representations incur a penalty for deviating from a SOC of 80%. • Optimized charging is constrained by a maximum charging shape, which reflects travel patterns on different feeders. This charging envelope is based on the ‘slow as possible’ charging shape from the EVI-Pro tool. In 2045, peak charge capacity varies by feeder, but ranges between 1.3kW and 2kW per participating vehicle. Peak charge capacity is derived from the annual peak of the ‘slow as possible’ charging shape for the modeled CA zones. • V2G discharging is similarly constrained by a discharging shape. This ‘discharge envelope’ is also adapted from the EVI-Pro tool’s ‘slow as possible’ charging shape. Peak discharge per vehicle is assumed to be higher than peak charge, over 5kW per vehicle on the residential feeder. Peak discharge is defined by the assumed average EVSE capacity per vehicle (assumed 9.6 kW), derating for an assumed 1.5 enrolled vehicles per charger, and assuming 20% of vehicles are unavailable during a given discharge event (e.g., not at home and plugged in). • V2G discharging has a round-trip efficiency of 80%1 and also has variable operations and maintenance costs, which are described on the next slide. • Interzonal transmission expansion is fixed to the level of expansion in the base scenario, so VGI cannot increase or decrease transmission build. • ADP 2024 included significantly more enhanced geothermal potential than previous California long-term energy modeling analyses, so the ADP 2024 geothermal potential was reduced, assuming only 25% of it is developable, to better reflect the long-term resource mix the state is currently planning around. Key modeling assumptions beyond ADP 2024 1. https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/ceaddb39-7763-11eb-9ac9-01aa75ed71a1/language-en