page 46 • Capacity expansion tool producing cost-optimal resource portfolios across the electric and fuels sectors • Least-cost energy supply mix to achieve emissions targets • Simulates hourly electricity operations and annual investment decisions • Electricity and fuels are co-optimized to identify sector coupling opportunities • Example: production of hydrogen from electrolysis Supply-side modeling Electricity Pipeline Gas Jet Fuel Diesel Fuel Gasoline Fuel Hydrogen Co-optimized energy supply