page 15 • EER modeled four archetypal feeders – Residential, Commercial, Industrial, and DC Fast Charging – to better understand the potential impacts of increasing VGI deployment • The shapes of other non-LD EV loads are assigned by feeder type, e.g., the shape of residential load (HVAC, lighting, water heating) as compared to the shape of industrial load (motors, heavy equipment, etc.) • For the analysis, EER developed LD EV charging shapes by archetypal feeder and charging power level for California by adapting CEC charging shapes. • LD EVs are mapped to feeders with shares of 64% residential, 17% commercial, 3% industrial, and 16% DC fast charging. Level 1 charging represents slightly more than 25% of all charging demand, principally on the residential feeder. • Level 1 charging loads and loads on the DC fast charging are assumed to be unavailable for VGI participation. • The sweep of scenarios explores a broad range of future pathways that allow for different levels of VGI which could be driven by utility programs, direct payments, vehicle manufacturer programs, regulatory requirements, or any number of potential interventions. The feeder archetype structure differentiates both the scale of VGI load as well as charging/discharging behavior could lower system costs (e.g., industrial charging loads are small but generally coincident with solar production). Feeder archetypes differentiate the impacts of VGI depending on where vehicles charge