page 18 • Vehicle projections and electricity demand are adapted from the central scenario of EER’s Annual Decarbonization Perspective 2024, calibrated to 2023 California vehicle sales • EV growth rapidly accelerates in California, with 6 million vehicles on the road in 2030, 24 million in 2040, and 36 million in 2050 • EV loads suitable for VGI participation represent nearly 400 GWh of storage capacity in 2030 and more than 1500 GWh in 20501 Light-duty vehicle electricity demand in California 1. This analysis assumes average EV pack size increases to 80 KWh by 2030