page 25 • The base scenario achieves net-zero emission in California by 2045, where sequestration, including land sinks, offsets the remaining emissions, primarily non-CO2 greenhouse gases. • Electrification and greatly expanded clean electricity generation lowers fuel consumption, enabling emission reductions to meet the state’s emission goals. • Negative emissions technologies, like biomass gasification for hydrogen production with carbon capture and storage, enable net-zero in 2045 and 2050 as energy and industry CO2 emissions approach zero, and the remaining emissions have limited or no abatement options. Electrification, large-scale renewable deployment, and clean fuels achieve net-zero emissions by 2045