Long-Term Energy Modeling “Plans are useless, but planning is indispensable” – Eisenhower Long-term low emissions pathways illustrate not what will happen, but what could happen, enabling us to identify: • Critical junctures and pivotal societal choices. • Universally beneficial strategies that are robust under different scenarios. • The competitive landscape of technologies, barriers to adoption, and focus areas for research. • Necessary compromises as society, policymakers, and the public come to grips with the realities of transitioning to low-carbon energy. Pathways are a coherent framework for constructing narratives for a transition to a low-carbon energy system © 2024 by Evolved Energy Research 2